The Role of the Witches in the Downfall of Shakespeares...

The Role of the Witches in the Downfall of Shakespeares MacBeth MacBeth by William Shakespeare is a play which shows the uprise of MacBeth, the treachery and his eventual downfall. Witchcraft plays a major part in MacBeths actions and his weak character is easily manipulated. Although being an honest and brave man earlier, his ambition clouds his judgement. His life is tragic and through some terrible deeds ends in catastrophe. MacBeth is Thane of Glamis and a highly honorable and respected man. He Is valiant and brave and was very successful fighting for his country. His honesty is unquestioned and he is looked upon favorably by the King. King Duncan awards MacBeth the title of Thane of Cawdor for his courageousness in battle.†¦show more content†¦This weakness of mind becomes more evident as MacBeth is changed so much that is ends up a monster. Ambition is a major part of why he was about to be manipulated. Even his close friendship to Banquo was not enough when he thought him a threat. Our fears in Banquo stick deep, and in his royalty nature reigns that which would be feared The witches play a huge part in MacBeths change, due to their prophecies and apparitions. Their first meeting is a good example of how the three sisters make MacBeth seem very gullible. Stay you imperfect speakers, tell me more. This meant that the witches had a lot of power over MacBeths actions. Duncans murder was the first terrible act unlike MacBeths character in which sped his journey to the throne. Lady MacBeth plan to usurp the King was effective but it was the beginning of the end for MacBeth. Look the flower but be the serpent underneath. There were also unnatural acts which played a part. There was the apparition in the form of a dagger which urged him on. Then there was Duncans horses eating each other during the night of the murder. MacBeths intentions to kill Duncan, take the throne then rule Scotland never really goes to plan. MacBeth doesnt just murder Duncan but goes on to kill anyone his delusional mind considers a threat. As well Scotland is in a terrible state with bad leadership and famine acrossShow MoreRelatedMacbeth Appearance Vs Reality1245 Words   |  5 PagesAn Exploration of Appearance and Reality in Macbeth As Plato famously said in Phaedrus, â€Å"Things are not always as they seem†, meaning that not everything is what it appears to be. In today’s society, many politicians appear trustworthy and are in reality crooked. Photoshop also manipulates appearance and reality. In literature, authors use appearance versus reality to create an interesting plot or characterize. In William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth, the theme of appearance versus reality is seenRead MoreEssay on Lady Macbeth by William Shakespeare770 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth is Shakespeares shortest tragic play in which the main character, Macbeth, becomes the tragic hero. He begins as a noble lord only to finish as Devilish Macbeth. But who or what is responsible for the tragic downfall of Macbeth? I believe Macbeths is partly responsible for the tragic events that take place, including the murder of King Duncan, Banquo, Lady Macduff and her children. However, Macbeth was influenced by the supernatu ral witches and by the strict pressure of his wife, LadyRead MoreMacbeth As A Tyrant Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Downfall of a Tyrant Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in 1606, during the reign of James I, who was James IV of Scotland before he became the King of England. James I, was a sponsor of Shakespeare’s theatre, so it is clear that Shakespeare’s work was affected by James I’s sensitivities. Murder and intrigue was a part of the Scottish Reign when James was growing, and in fact, James’s father was murdered when he was just a baby. Macbeth tells the story of a Scottish general who, through prophecies receivedRead MoreShakespeare s Macbeth By William Shakespeare987 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s Macbeth was first written and performed over four hundred years ago in the early seventeenth century. It has survived the tests of time and is now repeatedly being reproduced for cinematic viewing, from one of the most recent productions created in 2010 by director Rupert Goold, to an older more rustic film directed by Roman Polanski in 1971. However, lacking either detailed instructions or Shakespeare himself, each of these directors interpreted Shakespeare’s original work in differentRead MoreSupernatural Soliciting Within Shakespeare s Macbeth1728 Words   |  7 PagesJulia Sawicka Ms. Paolone ENG3U1d Monday, November 6th, 2017 Supernatural Soliciting within Shakespeare s Macbeth Shakespeare’s Macbeth is broadly known as a cursed play by a myriad of individuals globally. Given its appalling history of death and disorder, as well as the supernatural elements present within the play, many have come to the latter conclusion. To add, Macbeth is also a tragedy, adding more malediction to the already allegedly accursed play. To create such a tragic, ill-fatedRead More Shakespeares Macbeth - Renaissance Humanism Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While the witches present in Shakespeare’s tragedy Macbeth assume the role of supernatural beings, it was not Shakespeare’s intent to portray a classic case of fatalism. On the contrary, Shakespeare used Macbeth as a way to display the idea of Renaissance humanism. Although the witches did in fact possess uncanny powers, they were in reality not controlling Macbeth, but rather they were tempting Macbeth to act in particular ways. The witches, as well as other significant characters, may haveRead MoreCauses of Macbeths Downfall1445 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Causes of Macbeths Downfall – Essay By Jordan Koorey Shakespeare’s Macbeth, based on a play written in 1605 explores the life journey of Macbeth as he climbs the ladder of the social hierarchy. Determined to become King, Macbeth will kill any and all that get in his way. Driven by ambition, Macbeth puts his faith in the words and prophecies of three witches after a prediction that Macbeth would gain the new title of Thane of Cawdor. Alongside with ambition, Lady Macbeth, is a key instrument toRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"something wicked†? (4.1.45) In Shakespeare’s Tragedy of Macbeth, the answer to this question is played out. At the beginning of the play, the main character, Macbeth, is deemed â€Å"valiant† (1.2.24) and â€Å"noble† (1.2.68); however, after his encounter with the witches, his dark side starts to bubble up. As such, the Weird Sisters symbolize the ubiquitous evil that is in the world and present the theme man’s suscepti bility to temptation. While the witches do play an essential role in Macbeth’s demise; ultimatelyRead MoreShakespeare‚Äà ´s ‚Äà ²Macbeth‚Äà ´ Is a Warning Against the Dangers of Ambition.1112 Words   |  5 PagesAmbition plays a major role in Shakespeare’s tragedy of Macbeth, and is presented as a dangerous quality that principally influences the characters to do wrong. This play gives off a warning of how ambition can affect people and their actions by its influence on Macbeth and his wife, Lady Macbeth. This disastrous story begins with the witches predicting that Macbeth would become Thane of Cawdor and then King of Scotland. Hence, Macbeth’s ambition emerges, furthermore persuaded by his wife and alsoRead More The Cause of Macbeths Destruction in William Shakespeares Macbeth1062 Words   |  5 PagesDestruction in William Shakespeares Macbeth      Ã‚   In William Shakespeares Macbeth, Macbeth was a well-respected man of noble birth, but his fortune was reversed after he turned to darkness. He plummeted endlessly into a chasm of evil until his corrupt life was ended on the edge of Macduffs blade. Whose actions opened up the path of darkness to Macbeth? Whose actions led to Macbeths demise? The answer is threefold. The weird sisters set Macbeths fate into motion. Lady Macbeth goaded her husband

Essay about The Whiteness of the Whale - 878 Words

The Great White Whale and its Many Meanings Herman Melville, in his epic novel Moby-Dick, utilizes the symbolism of the color of the Great White Whale to demonstrate his theme of duality. However, Captain Ahab tragically had a single mind set towards Moby Dick, as he believed that the whale was the symbol of the worlds evil and had to be destroyed. On the other hand, Ishmael sees that the color white can mean many various and opposing things. It would be dangerous to settle upon any one single meaning. In the chapter, The Whiteness of the Whale, Melville explains the importance of duality of meaning in the world, as opposed to mans (and Ahabs) desire to see only one meaning in any one thing. Melville utilizes the symbol of the†¦show more content†¦He believed that the color of white had many meanings to many persons. Ishmael realized that the color white can represent beauty. Whiteness refiningly enhances beauty, as if imparting some special virtue of its own, as in marbles, japonicas, and pearls. Another chara cteristic of the color white is strength, such as that of the polar bear or the great white shark. Ishmael also said the white can mean spirited leadership, such as the great white steeds. Contributes to the daily state of kings and queens drawn by milk-white steeds; though even in the higher mysteries of the most august religions is has been made the symbol of the divine spotlessness an power. Unlike Ahab, Ishmael saw the duality in white as he also understood that white could also be awesome, even fearsome, as man gazes across the white wastes of the prairies covered with snow and ice, or the white foaming sea hurled upon the rocky coasts by a frightful storm. To view his ship sailing through a midnight sea of milky whiteness-as if from encircling headlands shoals of combed white bears. Due to Ishmaelss ability to view the whiteness of Moby Dick through many viewpoints it secured his survival on the inevitably disastrous voyage of the Pequod. Melville presents the various meanings of the color white. He shows the reader that no one thing means anything definitely. The meaning of any object comes from in the values the individualShow MoreRelatedThe, The Whiteness Of The Whale1818 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout his novel, Moby Dick, Herman Melville will often devote entire chapters to the thoughts and actions of specific characters. Two specific examples of this type of chapter are Chapter 36, The Quarter-Deck, and Chapter 42, The Whiteness of the Whale. The first of these chapters depicts Ahab addressing his crew for the first time in order to convince them to hunt down Moby Dick. The second offers insight to the fear that is brought upon by the mere mention of Moby Dick The significance andRead MoreMoby Dick Themes1171 Words   |  5 PagesKnowledge As Ishmael tries, in the opening pages of Moby-Dick, to offer a simple collection of literary excerpts mentioning whales, he discovers that, throughout history, the whale has taken on an incredible multiplicity of meanings. Over the course of the novel, he makes use of nearly every discipline known to man in his attempts to understand the essential nature of the whale. Each of these systems of knowledge, however, including art, taxonomy, and phrenology, fails to give an adequate account.Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book Moby Dick Starts 949 Words   |  4 Pageschapter by Ishmael, â€Å"What and where is the skin of the whale?† (Melville 274) Ask anyone where the skin of an animal is that is in front of him or her and they would simply point downward to where the animal is, exclaiming, â€Å"right there on top.† But Ishmael wants to know everything about the whale. He wants to know about every layer and marking on the beast. In chapter 68 Ishmael talks about the skin of t he whale, calling it a blanket, â€Å"for the whale is indeed wrapt up in his blubber as in a real blanketRead More The Whale as Symbol in Moby Dick Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe Whale as Symbol in Moby Dick That there are various perspectives to the white whale as symbol is a result of the value which Melville accords the symbol as a medium of expression. Melville regarded the symbol as, what William Gleim terms, a means of both revelation and concealment(402). Visible objects are as masks through which one can educe universal and significant order. The eyes are windows(Melville, 9) through which one can see a little into the springs and motivesRead MoreCaptain Ahab And Ishmaels Visions Of Moby Dick1680 Words   |  7 Pagesclearest indication the reader receives about Ahab’s understanding of the whale is when Ishmael narrates when and how Ahab and the book’s namesake first clashed. During the fateful battle with the animal – during which Ahab lost his limb – Ishmael tells the reader that Ahab â€Å"dashed at the whale†¦blindly seeking with his six-inch blade to reach the fathom-deep life† and end it (Melville 156). Before Ahab can succeed in doing so, the whale â€Å"suddenly sweeping his sickle-shaped lower jaw†¦reaped away Ahab’s leg†Read MoreWhiteness and Citizenship971 Words   |  4 PagesCaptain Ahab’s eulogy of whiteness shows that the word â€Å"white† implies more than a chromatic description. â€Å"White† is an untenable perfection that has haunted the American psyche since colo nial times. The idea of â€Å"white spiritual superiority† can only be enforce by a terrorist politico-legal system, based on brutalizing the non-whites and creating a national fantasy. A national fantasy defined by Lauren Berlant as the means â€Å"to designate how national culture becomes local through the images, narrativesRead MoreThe Symbolism Of A Voyage Gone Wrong1725 Words   |  7 PagesGabriel is one of a growing list that foretells the death and destruction of Ahab and his crew is they choose to pursue Moby Dick and attempt to kill the white whale. The various prophets, Gabriel from the Jeroboam and Elijah from the docks of Nantucket, have no connection to each other yet both say Ahab will die at the jaws of the whale. Elijah says what s to be, will be; and then again, perhaps it won t be, after all...Some sailors or other must go with him, I suppose...God pity em† to QueequegRead MorePerception: the True Meaning of Identity1716 Words   |  7 Pagespers everance of clinging to belief is seen in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick. In this classic whaling tale, the Peqoud crew is joined together by a common belief shared by their Captain Ahab that fuels their determination to venture out and kill a white whale they call Moby Dick. Captain Ahab is introduced as a godless man who has witnessed the countless evils that encompass our world and forms a â€Å"God† complex as a result of these experiences. His overly cocky nature and innate lack of fear for death makesRead More Evil in the Works of Melville and Emerson Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pagesstruggle does not take place solely within his tortured mind. It is played out before the reader, his mind (his madness?) actively involving the lives and fates of others as well as challenging the very forces of nature. The White Whale swam before him as the monomaniac incarnation of all those malicious agencies which some men feel eating in them... all evil, to crazy Ahab, were visibly personified in Moby Dick (MelvilleRead MoreMoby Dick And Slavery As Its Parallel1526 Words   |  7 PagesSpermaceti oil was harvested from Sperm Whales used as an energy source for light and many more essential parts of people’s lives (â€Å"What Products†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Whaling was an extremely dangerous and brutal practice that involved the inhumane capture and torture of essentially harmless creatures. â€Å"...the harpooner plunged his barbed weapon into the whale s back...At this moment of danger, the crew backed the boat away, as the whale thrashed in pain...When the whale tired, the crew pulled on the line to draw

Specialization in Undergraduates Free Essays

Brady Brajavich Specialization: does it belong in higher education? Some say yes, because it creates much more intelligent individuals in their respective fields. Others say no, because without the liberal arts, individuals will lack the necessary skills to succeed in today’s work environment. Both sides have well supported arguments, and often when one begins to think they’ve made a decision on which they agree with, they are swayed the other way. We will write a custom essay sample on Specialization in Undergraduates or any similar topic only for you Order Now After reading, â€Å"Should Undergraduates Specialize? † by Patrick Allit, and, â€Å"Liberal Arts: A Practical View. by Mark Jackson, I have formed my opinion and what I feel like is a suitable answer to the question above. I believe that students should have a choice. If they feel like they’re ready to dive into what they know they want to do, let them. But if the student feels like they aren’t one hundred percent sure, they should be able to take a wide variety of courses that allow them to eventually choose a major to specialize. Patrick Allitt is the author of the essay, â€Å"Should Undergraduates Specialize? † In this essay he compares and contrasts his own experiences in college with those of his college-bound daughter. By comparing the two, he provides evidence to his belief that having the option to specialize as an undergraduate will benefit students. This is shown in his conclusion, â€Å"Students with the right frame of mind thrive on studying diverse subjects until they’re ready, sometimes at age twenty or older, to make a stronger commitment. But let’s get rid of the idea that liberal arts is for everyone. America’s commitment to equality and to universal education is noble and invigorating. But it shouldn’t mean that one size fits all† (Allitt 7). Here Patrick is summarizing his essay, and essentially says that liberal arts may benefit some students, but there is a certain percentage that would prefer to get busy with their major and specialize. Mark Jackson, a graduate from the University of Cincinnati, thinks that all students should take some liberal arts courses to supplement their professional education, but not because they are forced too, but because they want to. Jackson wrote his essay on why he thinks students, â€Å"†¦question the reasoning behind a liberal arts education† (Jackson 233). Jackson stands behind the belief that educating students on why a liberal arts education is important is just as vital as actually teaching them the liberal arts. He says that, â€Å"If educators really want to increase the number of liberal arts courses that each student takes, they must first increase the popularity of such studies† (235). In other words, no student wants to take a class that they don’t see a point for taking. He backs his statements up by using personal experiences. Jackson explains how he had an argument with his high school counselor because he didn’t want to take a third year of Spanish. I was an A student in Spanish II, but I hated every minute of the class†¦ I told him that I took two years of a foreign language so that I would be accepted to college, but that I did not want to take a third year† (234). In response to his argument, his counselor would reply that he needed to be a â€Å"well-rounded student†, which is exa ctly why Jackson is so adamant in his reasoning. In relation to that response, Jackson wraps up the essay by saying, â€Å"It is difficult to persuade some college students that becoming a better person is an important goal of higher education. Many students want a college education so that they can make more money and have more power† (235). To finish, he reiterates his point; if students don’t see a point in the taking the course, they won’t want to sign up for it. In the two preceding essays, the two authors give their arguments on where they think specialization belongs in the education system. Allitt states that having a choice on whether or not to specialize as an undergraduate, and not deal with the liberal arts can be a benefit to students. Jackson believes that students should want to take liberal arts courses, and that if educators want students to do so, they have to do a better job of explaining why they are important and making the courses more attractive. A point of common ground for the two authors, based on the previous statements, is that specialization is important. Without it students will be at a disadvantage. There isn’t an exact point of disagreement between Allit and Jackson. They both outline the pros and cons throughout their essays. That being said, there are differences. Allit is more in favor of specialization, â€Å"The early specialization†¦enabled us to learn one discipline really well, to become far more deeply engaged with it than was possible for our American counterparts† (Allitt 6), but at the same time, understands why a liberal education can be beneficial, â€Å"Its (specialization) great and equal drawback was that it forced some students to choose too soon, before they were ready† (6). Jackson thinks that students should want to take liberal courses to complement their vocational studies. Towards the end of his essay, Jackson ays that, â€Å"Students who want to make the most of their college years should pursue a major course of study while choosing electives or a few minor courses of study from the liberal arts† (Jackson 235). I believe that students should have an option to specialize. Being able to dive right in as an undergrad can be hugely beneficial, and allow a student to separate themself from the rest of the competition. The liberal arts can do the same thing. Specializing brings depth of knowledge and a different, higher level of understanding, while the liberal arts allow students to increase the width of their knowledge. The irony of the emphasis being placed on careers is that nothing is more valuable for anyone who has had a professional or vocational education than to be able to deal with abstractions or complexities, or to feel comfortable with subtleties of thought or language, or to think sequentially† (Cousins 31). Jackson used this quote in his essay and I absolutely love it. If I had to back up my opinion with any one statement, this would be it. Vocational education is useless without being able to think abstractly and think on the go, while being able to think abstractly and on the go is useless without a vocational education. Personally, I’d take Jackson’s advice: go right into professional studies, but take classes I felt would make me a more attractive hire. I say that because the reason why I’m in college is so I can get a good-paying job to support myself and one day a family. In order for me to do that, I’m going to have to do all I can to distinguish myself from the group. The university has the intention to do that, but it’s damn near impossible for them to know what is best for each individual student. All of my academic career, I’ve been told that I was being prepared for college, and I was, but now I want to put those tools into practice. Being told what classes to take, and what classes will make me a better student isn’t letting me use what I’ve learned, and is suppressing my ability to make my own decisions. In essence, we’re big kids now. We should have to and want to make the big kid decision on whether or not taking a GEO 106 class will benefit us. Guidance is always welcome, and without the help and suggestions from our advisors we’d be lost, especially as freshman, but that doesn’t mean I should have to take a class that won’t help me achieve my life goals. But some students don’t have the know-how or motivation to take necessary liberal classes, so the university has to force students to take them. † My roommate made this point to me while we were talking about my essay, and I imagine there are many others that feel the same way. My response is this, if a student has yet to take responsibility of his or her own academic career, are they really deserving o f a degree? If they can’t make their own decisions on something as simple as which supplementary classes to take, how are they going to function once they hit the real world? Or rather when the real world hits them? Another fantastic argument brought to my attention was: how are students that choose to not specialize right off the bat going to keep up with the ones that do? At this point in every student’s life, we need to stop thinking of us as a whole. We are individuals, and just because Rafiki doesn’t know what to do with his life doesn’t mean the rest of us should suffer. I firmly believe that college marks the beginning of adulthood and the toned-down real world, which means that we all as students need to take more responsibility for our own lives. Specialization: does it belong in higher education? I say yes†¦ as long as it is balanced with proper liberal courses. Specialization can give a student essential skills and an intense education that can help them get the edge on someone else competing for the same job, and the liberal arts only increases one’s attractiveness. For all those naysayers out there, I just ask you respect what I have to say, to take my views into consideration, and, as the noble Andre 3000 once said, â€Å"Lend me some suga. I am your neighbor. † How to cite Specialization in Undergraduates, Essay examples

Human Resource Management XYZ Company Pvt Ltd †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management XYZ Company. Answer: Introduction XYZ Company Pvt. Ltd. is a company based in India that provides technical assistance and solutions to its clients and multinational companies based in China, America and Singapore. The company was started in 1967 and has been able to grab a significant share in the market. XYZ Company has an approximate workforce of 1,450 employees and works 24/7 to provide services to its customers and clients. Problem identification Of late, the company has been experiencing a steep rise in its employee turnover rates, which is causing trouble for the company as there have been a number of instances where the work operations have come to a halt because of shortage of workforce. The high employee turnover rate is also forcing the company to carry out frequent recruitment and selection programs, which is ultimately resulting in a loss of profitability due to increased operational costs. Causes of high employee turnover rates The company has been taking the issue of rising employee turnover quite seriously and has started analysing its human resourcemanagement practices to find out those practices that lack efficiencies and are not being able to help the company in retaining employees. The reasons for high employee turnover rates are discussed below: First of all, the company has Managementnot been designing and implementing sufficient training and development programs for the workforce since the past 8 months. The managers have realised that the employees are not being able to grow their skills and competencies and are lacking motivation that could have helped them in performing better. Lack of training and development opportunities is also killing the chances of career progression and growth for the employees. As a result, the employee turnover rates are increasing (Smith, 2009). Secondly, themanagement has not been able to provide the workforce with work that can increase their levels of engagement in the organisation. The employees feel that their work is boring, monotonous and is not challenging their skills and competencies. As a result, they are less engaged in their jobs and are switching to business organisations that offer better job conditions to them. Thirdly, the employees have also been complaining that the workplace environment is not interesting and is not helping them in growing. The decision making power is hardly delegated in the organisation and the employees hardly have a role to play in the business decision making process. They employees have also reported that the company hardly cares about their needs, which is resulting in demotivation amongst the workforce. Recommendations to improve the situation High employee turnover rate is an important indicator for all business organisations because it can not only increase the operational cost and have effect on the work operations but can also cause a significant damage to a companys market reputation. Some recommendations that can help XYZ Company Pvt. Ltd. in improving its employee turnover rates are discussed below: First of all, the organisation needs to design and implement a new performancemanagement plan. Implementing a performance management plan will not just help in fostering a workplace environment that is driven by performance levels but also help the company in analysing the training and development needs of the employees. By assessing performance of individual employees, departments and the organisation on the whole, it can become easier for the company to identify those areas where the organisation or the employees lack competencies and can arrange suitable training and development program that can help the workforce in learning the skills that they lack. Further, identifying the training needs of the employees and implementing training and development programs will provide growth opportunities to the employees and will increase their level of job satisfaction, which will help in reducing the employee turnover rates (Park Shaw, 2013). Secondly, the management needs to take necessary steps that would help in improving the job attributes for the workforce. The team leaders of the organisation should start delegating authority and provide a certain degree of empowerment to the employees so that they can feel a sense of responsibility and can show a greater involvement in the workplace (Mowday, et al., 2013). Along with empowering the employees in the workplace, the organisation should also start recognizing and rewarding those employees who demonstrate excellent performance levels and contribute towards the achievement of organisational goals and objectives. Such strategies will make the job more interesting for the workforce and they will show high level of job engagement and motivation (Jacobsen, n.d.). Thirdly, the organisation needs to review its recruitment and selection programs and start finding the right fit for the right jobs. Recruiting people that do not fit into the job environment or the culture of the organisation is one of the key reasons that can result into high labour turnover rates. The company needs to deal with those employees who do not fit into their jobs or the workplace and make sure that the next recruitment and selection programs are efficient in finding the right people for the right jobs (Krell, 2012 ). To achieve this, the company should clearly identify the job duties and responsibilities for various job positions and compare it with the candidate specifications, personality and skills to make the right choice. Conclusion XYZ Company Pvt. Ltd. is facing an issue that can be detrimental to its market position and reputation because of too many employees leaving the organisation. If the labour turnover rates are high, the company will not just lose its reputation in the market but even fresh candidates might not want to work with such an organisation that is not able to manage its workforce effectively. As a result, it is important for the company to identify the root causes of high employee turnover ratios and look into the above recommendations so that it can deal with the causes and bring down its employee turnover rations. References Smith, J. L., 2009. 12 Reasons Employees Leave Organizations. [Online] Available at: https://www.peoriamagazines.com/ibi/2009/dec/12-reasons-employees-leave-organizations [Accessed 11 May 2017]. Park, T.-Y. Shaw, J. D., 2013. Turnover rates and organizational performance: A meta-analysis.. Journal of Applied Psychology, March.98(2). Jacobsen, D., n.d. 12 SUREFIRE TIPS TO REDUCE EMPLOYEE TURNOVER. [Online] Available at: https://www.globoforce.com/gfblog/2013/12-surefire-tips-to-reduce-employee-turnover/[Accessed 11 May 2017]. Krell, E., 2012 . 5 Ways to Manage High Turnover. [Online] Available at: https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/pages/0412krell.aspx [Accessed 11 May 2017]. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W. Steers, R. M., 2013. EmployeeOrganization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism and Turnover. s.l.:Academic press.