The Role of the Witches in the Downfall of Shakespeares...

The Role of the Witches in the Downfall of Shakespeares MacBeth MacBeth by William Shakespeare is a play which shows the uprise of MacBeth, the treachery and his eventual downfall. Witchcraft plays a major part in MacBeths actions and his weak character is easily manipulated. Although being an honest and brave man earlier, his ambition clouds his judgement. His life is tragic and through some terrible deeds ends in catastrophe. MacBeth is Thane of Glamis and a highly honorable and respected man. He Is valiant and brave and was very successful fighting for his country. His honesty is unquestioned and he is looked upon favorably by the King. King Duncan awards MacBeth the title of Thane of Cawdor for his courageousness in battle.†¦show more content†¦This weakness of mind becomes more evident as MacBeth is changed so much that is ends up a monster. Ambition is a major part of why he was about to be manipulated. Even his close friendship to Banquo was not enough when he thought him a threat. Our fears in Banquo stick deep, and in his royalty nature reigns that which would be feared The witches play a huge part in MacBeths change, due to their prophecies and apparitions. Their first meeting is a good example of how the three sisters make MacBeth seem very gullible. Stay you imperfect speakers, tell me more. This meant that the witches had a lot of power over MacBeths actions. Duncans murder was the first terrible act unlike MacBeths character in which sped his journey to the throne. Lady MacBeth plan to usurp the King was effective but it was the beginning of the end for MacBeth. Look the flower but be the serpent underneath. There were also unnatural acts which played a part. There was the apparition in the form of a dagger which urged him on. Then there was Duncans horses eating each other during the night of the murder. MacBeths intentions to kill Duncan, take the throne then rule Scotland never really goes to plan. MacBeth doesnt just murder Duncan but goes on to kill anyone his delusional mind considers a threat. As well Scotland is in a terrible state with bad leadership and famine acrossShow MoreRelatedMacbeth Appearance Vs Reality1245 Words   |  5 PagesAn Exploration of Appearance and Reality in Macbeth As Plato famously said in Phaedrus, â€Å"Things are not always as they seem†, meaning that not everything is what it appears to be. In today’s society, many politicians appear trustworthy and are in reality crooked. Photoshop also manipulates appearance and reality. In literature, authors use appearance versus reality to create an interesting plot or characterize. In William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth, the theme of appearance versus reality is seenRead MoreEssay on Lady Macbeth by William Shakespeare770 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth is Shakespeares shortest tragic play in which the main character, Macbeth, becomes the tragic hero. He begins as a noble lord only to finish as Devilish Macbeth. But who or what is responsible for the tragic downfall of Macbeth? I believe Macbeths is partly responsible for the tragic events that take place, including the murder of King Duncan, Banquo, Lady Macduff and her children. However, Macbeth was influenced by the supernatu ral witches and by the strict pressure of his wife, LadyRead MoreMacbeth As A Tyrant Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Downfall of a Tyrant Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in 1606, during the reign of James I, who was James IV of Scotland before he became the King of England. James I, was a sponsor of Shakespeare’s theatre, so it is clear that Shakespeare’s work was affected by James I’s sensitivities. Murder and intrigue was a part of the Scottish Reign when James was growing, and in fact, James’s father was murdered when he was just a baby. Macbeth tells the story of a Scottish general who, through prophecies receivedRead MoreShakespeare s Macbeth By William Shakespeare987 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s Macbeth was first written and performed over four hundred years ago in the early seventeenth century. It has survived the tests of time and is now repeatedly being reproduced for cinematic viewing, from one of the most recent productions created in 2010 by director Rupert Goold, to an older more rustic film directed by Roman Polanski in 1971. However, lacking either detailed instructions or Shakespeare himself, each of these directors interpreted Shakespeare’s original work in differentRead MoreSupernatural Soliciting Within Shakespeare s Macbeth1728 Words   |  7 PagesJulia Sawicka Ms. Paolone ENG3U1d Monday, November 6th, 2017 Supernatural Soliciting within Shakespeare s Macbeth Shakespeare’s Macbeth is broadly known as a cursed play by a myriad of individuals globally. Given its appalling history of death and disorder, as well as the supernatural elements present within the play, many have come to the latter conclusion. To add, Macbeth is also a tragedy, adding more malediction to the already allegedly accursed play. To create such a tragic, ill-fatedRead More Shakespeares Macbeth - Renaissance Humanism Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While the witches present in Shakespeare’s tragedy Macbeth assume the role of supernatural beings, it was not Shakespeare’s intent to portray a classic case of fatalism. On the contrary, Shakespeare used Macbeth as a way to display the idea of Renaissance humanism. Although the witches did in fact possess uncanny powers, they were in reality not controlling Macbeth, but rather they were tempting Macbeth to act in particular ways. The witches, as well as other significant characters, may haveRead MoreCauses of Macbeths Downfall1445 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Causes of Macbeths Downfall – Essay By Jordan Koorey Shakespeare’s Macbeth, based on a play written in 1605 explores the life journey of Macbeth as he climbs the ladder of the social hierarchy. Determined to become King, Macbeth will kill any and all that get in his way. Driven by ambition, Macbeth puts his faith in the words and prophecies of three witches after a prediction that Macbeth would gain the new title of Thane of Cawdor. Alongside with ambition, Lady Macbeth, is a key instrument toRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"something wicked†? (4.1.45) In Shakespeare’s Tragedy of Macbeth, the answer to this question is played out. At the beginning of the play, the main character, Macbeth, is deemed â€Å"valiant† (1.2.24) and â€Å"noble† (1.2.68); however, after his encounter with the witches, his dark side starts to bubble up. As such, the Weird Sisters symbolize the ubiquitous evil that is in the world and present the theme man’s suscepti bility to temptation. While the witches do play an essential role in Macbeth’s demise; ultimatelyRead MoreShakespeare‚Äà ´s ‚Äà ²Macbeth‚Äà ´ Is a Warning Against the Dangers of Ambition.1112 Words   |  5 PagesAmbition plays a major role in Shakespeare’s tragedy of Macbeth, and is presented as a dangerous quality that principally influences the characters to do wrong. This play gives off a warning of how ambition can affect people and their actions by its influence on Macbeth and his wife, Lady Macbeth. This disastrous story begins with the witches predicting that Macbeth would become Thane of Cawdor and then King of Scotland. Hence, Macbeth’s ambition emerges, furthermore persuaded by his wife and alsoRead More The Cause of Macbeths Destruction in William Shakespeares Macbeth1062 Words   |  5 PagesDestruction in William Shakespeares Macbeth      Ã‚   In William Shakespeares Macbeth, Macbeth was a well-respected man of noble birth, but his fortune was reversed after he turned to darkness. He plummeted endlessly into a chasm of evil until his corrupt life was ended on the edge of Macduffs blade. Whose actions opened up the path of darkness to Macbeth? Whose actions led to Macbeths demise? The answer is threefold. The weird sisters set Macbeths fate into motion. Lady Macbeth goaded her husband

Essay about The Whiteness of the Whale - 878 Words

The Great White Whale and its Many Meanings Herman Melville, in his epic novel Moby-Dick, utilizes the symbolism of the color of the Great White Whale to demonstrate his theme of duality. However, Captain Ahab tragically had a single mind set towards Moby Dick, as he believed that the whale was the symbol of the worlds evil and had to be destroyed. On the other hand, Ishmael sees that the color white can mean many various and opposing things. It would be dangerous to settle upon any one single meaning. In the chapter, The Whiteness of the Whale, Melville explains the importance of duality of meaning in the world, as opposed to mans (and Ahabs) desire to see only one meaning in any one thing. Melville utilizes the symbol of the†¦show more content†¦He believed that the color of white had many meanings to many persons. Ishmael realized that the color white can represent beauty. Whiteness refiningly enhances beauty, as if imparting some special virtue of its own, as in marbles, japonicas, and pearls. Another chara cteristic of the color white is strength, such as that of the polar bear or the great white shark. Ishmael also said the white can mean spirited leadership, such as the great white steeds. Contributes to the daily state of kings and queens drawn by milk-white steeds; though even in the higher mysteries of the most august religions is has been made the symbol of the divine spotlessness an power. Unlike Ahab, Ishmael saw the duality in white as he also understood that white could also be awesome, even fearsome, as man gazes across the white wastes of the prairies covered with snow and ice, or the white foaming sea hurled upon the rocky coasts by a frightful storm. To view his ship sailing through a midnight sea of milky whiteness-as if from encircling headlands shoals of combed white bears. Due to Ishmaelss ability to view the whiteness of Moby Dick through many viewpoints it secured his survival on the inevitably disastrous voyage of the Pequod. Melville presents the various meanings of the color white. He shows the reader that no one thing means anything definitely. The meaning of any object comes from in the values the individualShow MoreRelatedThe, The Whiteness Of The Whale1818 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout his novel, Moby Dick, Herman Melville will often devote entire chapters to the thoughts and actions of specific characters. Two specific examples of this type of chapter are Chapter 36, The Quarter-Deck, and Chapter 42, The Whiteness of the Whale. The first of these chapters depicts Ahab addressing his crew for the first time in order to convince them to hunt down Moby Dick. The second offers insight to the fear that is brought upon by the mere mention of Moby Dick The significance andRead MoreMoby Dick Themes1171 Words   |  5 PagesKnowledge As Ishmael tries, in the opening pages of Moby-Dick, to offer a simple collection of literary excerpts mentioning whales, he discovers that, throughout history, the whale has taken on an incredible multiplicity of meanings. Over the course of the novel, he makes use of nearly every discipline known to man in his attempts to understand the essential nature of the whale. Each of these systems of knowledge, however, including art, taxonomy, and phrenology, fails to give an adequate account.Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book Moby Dick Starts 949 Words   |  4 Pageschapter by Ishmael, â€Å"What and where is the skin of the whale?† (Melville 274) Ask anyone where the skin of an animal is that is in front of him or her and they would simply point downward to where the animal is, exclaiming, â€Å"right there on top.† But Ishmael wants to know everything about the whale. He wants to know about every layer and marking on the beast. In chapter 68 Ishmael talks about the skin of t he whale, calling it a blanket, â€Å"for the whale is indeed wrapt up in his blubber as in a real blanketRead More The Whale as Symbol in Moby Dick Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe Whale as Symbol in Moby Dick That there are various perspectives to the white whale as symbol is a result of the value which Melville accords the symbol as a medium of expression. Melville regarded the symbol as, what William Gleim terms, a means of both revelation and concealment(402). Visible objects are as masks through which one can educe universal and significant order. The eyes are windows(Melville, 9) through which one can see a little into the springs and motivesRead MoreCaptain Ahab And Ishmaels Visions Of Moby Dick1680 Words   |  7 Pagesclearest indication the reader receives about Ahab’s understanding of the whale is when Ishmael narrates when and how Ahab and the book’s namesake first clashed. During the fateful battle with the animal – during which Ahab lost his limb – Ishmael tells the reader that Ahab â€Å"dashed at the whale†¦blindly seeking with his six-inch blade to reach the fathom-deep life† and end it (Melville 156). Before Ahab can succeed in doing so, the whale â€Å"suddenly sweeping his sickle-shaped lower jaw†¦reaped away Ahab’s leg†Read MoreWhiteness and Citizenship971 Words   |  4 PagesCaptain Ahab’s eulogy of whiteness shows that the word â€Å"white† implies more than a chromatic description. â€Å"White† is an untenable perfection that has haunted the American psyche since colo nial times. The idea of â€Å"white spiritual superiority† can only be enforce by a terrorist politico-legal system, based on brutalizing the non-whites and creating a national fantasy. A national fantasy defined by Lauren Berlant as the means â€Å"to designate how national culture becomes local through the images, narrativesRead MoreThe Symbolism Of A Voyage Gone Wrong1725 Words   |  7 PagesGabriel is one of a growing list that foretells the death and destruction of Ahab and his crew is they choose to pursue Moby Dick and attempt to kill the white whale. The various prophets, Gabriel from the Jeroboam and Elijah from the docks of Nantucket, have no connection to each other yet both say Ahab will die at the jaws of the whale. Elijah says what s to be, will be; and then again, perhaps it won t be, after all...Some sailors or other must go with him, I suppose...God pity em† to QueequegRead MorePerception: the True Meaning of Identity1716 Words   |  7 Pagespers everance of clinging to belief is seen in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick. In this classic whaling tale, the Peqoud crew is joined together by a common belief shared by their Captain Ahab that fuels their determination to venture out and kill a white whale they call Moby Dick. Captain Ahab is introduced as a godless man who has witnessed the countless evils that encompass our world and forms a â€Å"God† complex as a result of these experiences. His overly cocky nature and innate lack of fear for death makesRead More Evil in the Works of Melville and Emerson Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pagesstruggle does not take place solely within his tortured mind. It is played out before the reader, his mind (his madness?) actively involving the lives and fates of others as well as challenging the very forces of nature. The White Whale swam before him as the monomaniac incarnation of all those malicious agencies which some men feel eating in them... all evil, to crazy Ahab, were visibly personified in Moby Dick (MelvilleRead MoreMoby Dick And Slavery As Its Parallel1526 Words   |  7 PagesSpermaceti oil was harvested from Sperm Whales used as an energy source for light and many more essential parts of people’s lives (â€Å"What Products†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Whaling was an extremely dangerous and brutal practice that involved the inhumane capture and torture of essentially harmless creatures. â€Å"...the harpooner plunged his barbed weapon into the whale s back...At this moment of danger, the crew backed the boat away, as the whale thrashed in pain...When the whale tired, the crew pulled on the line to draw

Specialization in Undergraduates Free Essays

Brady Brajavich Specialization: does it belong in higher education? Some say yes, because it creates much more intelligent individuals in their respective fields. Others say no, because without the liberal arts, individuals will lack the necessary skills to succeed in today’s work environment. Both sides have well supported arguments, and often when one begins to think they’ve made a decision on which they agree with, they are swayed the other way. We will write a custom essay sample on Specialization in Undergraduates or any similar topic only for you Order Now After reading, â€Å"Should Undergraduates Specialize? † by Patrick Allit, and, â€Å"Liberal Arts: A Practical View. by Mark Jackson, I have formed my opinion and what I feel like is a suitable answer to the question above. I believe that students should have a choice. If they feel like they’re ready to dive into what they know they want to do, let them. But if the student feels like they aren’t one hundred percent sure, they should be able to take a wide variety of courses that allow them to eventually choose a major to specialize. Patrick Allitt is the author of the essay, â€Å"Should Undergraduates Specialize? † In this essay he compares and contrasts his own experiences in college with those of his college-bound daughter. By comparing the two, he provides evidence to his belief that having the option to specialize as an undergraduate will benefit students. This is shown in his conclusion, â€Å"Students with the right frame of mind thrive on studying diverse subjects until they’re ready, sometimes at age twenty or older, to make a stronger commitment. But let’s get rid of the idea that liberal arts is for everyone. America’s commitment to equality and to universal education is noble and invigorating. But it shouldn’t mean that one size fits all† (Allitt 7). Here Patrick is summarizing his essay, and essentially says that liberal arts may benefit some students, but there is a certain percentage that would prefer to get busy with their major and specialize. Mark Jackson, a graduate from the University of Cincinnati, thinks that all students should take some liberal arts courses to supplement their professional education, but not because they are forced too, but because they want to. Jackson wrote his essay on why he thinks students, â€Å"†¦question the reasoning behind a liberal arts education† (Jackson 233). Jackson stands behind the belief that educating students on why a liberal arts education is important is just as vital as actually teaching them the liberal arts. He says that, â€Å"If educators really want to increase the number of liberal arts courses that each student takes, they must first increase the popularity of such studies† (235). In other words, no student wants to take a class that they don’t see a point for taking. He backs his statements up by using personal experiences. Jackson explains how he had an argument with his high school counselor because he didn’t want to take a third year of Spanish. I was an A student in Spanish II, but I hated every minute of the class†¦ I told him that I took two years of a foreign language so that I would be accepted to college, but that I did not want to take a third year† (234). In response to his argument, his counselor would reply that he needed to be a â€Å"well-rounded student†, which is exa ctly why Jackson is so adamant in his reasoning. In relation to that response, Jackson wraps up the essay by saying, â€Å"It is difficult to persuade some college students that becoming a better person is an important goal of higher education. Many students want a college education so that they can make more money and have more power† (235). To finish, he reiterates his point; if students don’t see a point in the taking the course, they won’t want to sign up for it. In the two preceding essays, the two authors give their arguments on where they think specialization belongs in the education system. Allitt states that having a choice on whether or not to specialize as an undergraduate, and not deal with the liberal arts can be a benefit to students. Jackson believes that students should want to take liberal arts courses, and that if educators want students to do so, they have to do a better job of explaining why they are important and making the courses more attractive. A point of common ground for the two authors, based on the previous statements, is that specialization is important. Without it students will be at a disadvantage. There isn’t an exact point of disagreement between Allit and Jackson. They both outline the pros and cons throughout their essays. That being said, there are differences. Allit is more in favor of specialization, â€Å"The early specialization†¦enabled us to learn one discipline really well, to become far more deeply engaged with it than was possible for our American counterparts† (Allitt 6), but at the same time, understands why a liberal education can be beneficial, â€Å"Its (specialization) great and equal drawback was that it forced some students to choose too soon, before they were ready† (6). Jackson thinks that students should want to take liberal courses to complement their vocational studies. Towards the end of his essay, Jackson ays that, â€Å"Students who want to make the most of their college years should pursue a major course of study while choosing electives or a few minor courses of study from the liberal arts† (Jackson 235). I believe that students should have an option to specialize. Being able to dive right in as an undergrad can be hugely beneficial, and allow a student to separate themself from the rest of the competition. The liberal arts can do the same thing. Specializing brings depth of knowledge and a different, higher level of understanding, while the liberal arts allow students to increase the width of their knowledge. The irony of the emphasis being placed on careers is that nothing is more valuable for anyone who has had a professional or vocational education than to be able to deal with abstractions or complexities, or to feel comfortable with subtleties of thought or language, or to think sequentially† (Cousins 31). Jackson used this quote in his essay and I absolutely love it. If I had to back up my opinion with any one statement, this would be it. Vocational education is useless without being able to think abstractly and think on the go, while being able to think abstractly and on the go is useless without a vocational education. Personally, I’d take Jackson’s advice: go right into professional studies, but take classes I felt would make me a more attractive hire. I say that because the reason why I’m in college is so I can get a good-paying job to support myself and one day a family. In order for me to do that, I’m going to have to do all I can to distinguish myself from the group. The university has the intention to do that, but it’s damn near impossible for them to know what is best for each individual student. All of my academic career, I’ve been told that I was being prepared for college, and I was, but now I want to put those tools into practice. Being told what classes to take, and what classes will make me a better student isn’t letting me use what I’ve learned, and is suppressing my ability to make my own decisions. In essence, we’re big kids now. We should have to and want to make the big kid decision on whether or not taking a GEO 106 class will benefit us. Guidance is always welcome, and without the help and suggestions from our advisors we’d be lost, especially as freshman, but that doesn’t mean I should have to take a class that won’t help me achieve my life goals. But some students don’t have the know-how or motivation to take necessary liberal classes, so the university has to force students to take them. † My roommate made this point to me while we were talking about my essay, and I imagine there are many others that feel the same way. My response is this, if a student has yet to take responsibility of his or her own academic career, are they really deserving o f a degree? If they can’t make their own decisions on something as simple as which supplementary classes to take, how are they going to function once they hit the real world? Or rather when the real world hits them? Another fantastic argument brought to my attention was: how are students that choose to not specialize right off the bat going to keep up with the ones that do? At this point in every student’s life, we need to stop thinking of us as a whole. We are individuals, and just because Rafiki doesn’t know what to do with his life doesn’t mean the rest of us should suffer. I firmly believe that college marks the beginning of adulthood and the toned-down real world, which means that we all as students need to take more responsibility for our own lives. Specialization: does it belong in higher education? I say yes†¦ as long as it is balanced with proper liberal courses. Specialization can give a student essential skills and an intense education that can help them get the edge on someone else competing for the same job, and the liberal arts only increases one’s attractiveness. For all those naysayers out there, I just ask you respect what I have to say, to take my views into consideration, and, as the noble Andre 3000 once said, â€Å"Lend me some suga. I am your neighbor. † How to cite Specialization in Undergraduates, Essay examples

Human Resource Management XYZ Company Pvt Ltd †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management XYZ Company. Answer: Introduction XYZ Company Pvt. Ltd. is a company based in India that provides technical assistance and solutions to its clients and multinational companies based in China, America and Singapore. The company was started in 1967 and has been able to grab a significant share in the market. XYZ Company has an approximate workforce of 1,450 employees and works 24/7 to provide services to its customers and clients. Problem identification Of late, the company has been experiencing a steep rise in its employee turnover rates, which is causing trouble for the company as there have been a number of instances where the work operations have come to a halt because of shortage of workforce. The high employee turnover rate is also forcing the company to carry out frequent recruitment and selection programs, which is ultimately resulting in a loss of profitability due to increased operational costs. Causes of high employee turnover rates The company has been taking the issue of rising employee turnover quite seriously and has started analysing its human resourcemanagement practices to find out those practices that lack efficiencies and are not being able to help the company in retaining employees. The reasons for high employee turnover rates are discussed below: First of all, the company has Managementnot been designing and implementing sufficient training and development programs for the workforce since the past 8 months. The managers have realised that the employees are not being able to grow their skills and competencies and are lacking motivation that could have helped them in performing better. Lack of training and development opportunities is also killing the chances of career progression and growth for the employees. As a result, the employee turnover rates are increasing (Smith, 2009). Secondly, themanagement has not been able to provide the workforce with work that can increase their levels of engagement in the organisation. The employees feel that their work is boring, monotonous and is not challenging their skills and competencies. As a result, they are less engaged in their jobs and are switching to business organisations that offer better job conditions to them. Thirdly, the employees have also been complaining that the workplace environment is not interesting and is not helping them in growing. The decision making power is hardly delegated in the organisation and the employees hardly have a role to play in the business decision making process. They employees have also reported that the company hardly cares about their needs, which is resulting in demotivation amongst the workforce. Recommendations to improve the situation High employee turnover rate is an important indicator for all business organisations because it can not only increase the operational cost and have effect on the work operations but can also cause a significant damage to a companys market reputation. Some recommendations that can help XYZ Company Pvt. Ltd. in improving its employee turnover rates are discussed below: First of all, the organisation needs to design and implement a new performancemanagement plan. Implementing a performance management plan will not just help in fostering a workplace environment that is driven by performance levels but also help the company in analysing the training and development needs of the employees. By assessing performance of individual employees, departments and the organisation on the whole, it can become easier for the company to identify those areas where the organisation or the employees lack competencies and can arrange suitable training and development program that can help the workforce in learning the skills that they lack. Further, identifying the training needs of the employees and implementing training and development programs will provide growth opportunities to the employees and will increase their level of job satisfaction, which will help in reducing the employee turnover rates (Park Shaw, 2013). Secondly, the management needs to take necessary steps that would help in improving the job attributes for the workforce. The team leaders of the organisation should start delegating authority and provide a certain degree of empowerment to the employees so that they can feel a sense of responsibility and can show a greater involvement in the workplace (Mowday, et al., 2013). Along with empowering the employees in the workplace, the organisation should also start recognizing and rewarding those employees who demonstrate excellent performance levels and contribute towards the achievement of organisational goals and objectives. Such strategies will make the job more interesting for the workforce and they will show high level of job engagement and motivation (Jacobsen, n.d.). Thirdly, the organisation needs to review its recruitment and selection programs and start finding the right fit for the right jobs. Recruiting people that do not fit into the job environment or the culture of the organisation is one of the key reasons that can result into high labour turnover rates. The company needs to deal with those employees who do not fit into their jobs or the workplace and make sure that the next recruitment and selection programs are efficient in finding the right people for the right jobs (Krell, 2012 ). To achieve this, the company should clearly identify the job duties and responsibilities for various job positions and compare it with the candidate specifications, personality and skills to make the right choice. Conclusion XYZ Company Pvt. Ltd. is facing an issue that can be detrimental to its market position and reputation because of too many employees leaving the organisation. If the labour turnover rates are high, the company will not just lose its reputation in the market but even fresh candidates might not want to work with such an organisation that is not able to manage its workforce effectively. As a result, it is important for the company to identify the root causes of high employee turnover ratios and look into the above recommendations so that it can deal with the causes and bring down its employee turnover rations. References Smith, J. L., 2009. 12 Reasons Employees Leave Organizations. [Online] Available at: https://www.peoriamagazines.com/ibi/2009/dec/12-reasons-employees-leave-organizations [Accessed 11 May 2017]. Park, T.-Y. Shaw, J. D., 2013. Turnover rates and organizational performance: A meta-analysis.. Journal of Applied Psychology, March.98(2). Jacobsen, D., n.d. 12 SUREFIRE TIPS TO REDUCE EMPLOYEE TURNOVER. [Online] Available at: https://www.globoforce.com/gfblog/2013/12-surefire-tips-to-reduce-employee-turnover/[Accessed 11 May 2017]. Krell, E., 2012 . 5 Ways to Manage High Turnover. [Online] Available at: https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/pages/0412krell.aspx [Accessed 11 May 2017]. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W. Steers, R. M., 2013. EmployeeOrganization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism and Turnover. s.l.:Academic press.

Formal Analysis of Art free essay sample

Formal Analysis of Art Formal Analysis of Art The Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh is consistent of his typical artwork. He uses the lines free and loose making it an expression of his contour lines. The spacing between the stars and the curving contours making it a dot to dot effect. Van Gogh’s, The Starry Night† portrays his personal emotion. He writes to his brother about his painting almost as if he would be confused himself about the painting. The village is dark but at the same time it is peaceful compared to the dramatic sky life. In Sol Le Witts, Wall Drawing it uses an ordered form and symmetrical form called classical lines. The line Sol Le Witts uses is considered a connection between two separate points. Although his work is displayed throughout various art museums, the actual work is not his own. Le Witts has the ideas and then gives the workers instructions on what he wants done. We will write a custom essay sample on Formal Analysis of Art or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This reflects his personality in the way that his art work is controlled. The line form he uses is symmetrical. Sol Le Witt is unlike Van Gogh’s when it comes to his personality. In which Le Witt’s personality is logical and Van Gogh’s is emotional and chaotic. Both artists’ have clearly shown their personality in their art work through their different line forms and expressions. La Meninas by Diego Velazquez uses perspective through the placement of his images in his form of art work. Foreshortening is a technique used in perspective to create the illusion of an object receding strongly into the distance or background. The painting shows a large room and several figures scattered throughout the painting. The illusion is that the figures are looking at the admirer of the painting and are the results of foreshortening. The illusion or foreshortening in accomplished in the figures in the art work. In La Meninas, the figures look a lot closer than what they are. They also block out the background of the art work. It captivates you into this illusion that the artist wants you to be mesmerized in a way. This is the effect of nearness or farness also known as three dimensional. All the qualities of this art work create the effect that Diego Velazquez is trying to accomplish through the viewer. Velazquez also portrays himself working at a large canvas in his art work. This is also the effect he wanted to accomplish to the viewer. The effect of illusion is that he is watching you, in return to you watching him in his art work. Nighthawks by Edward Hopper use the elements of light in his art work. The formal qualities of his art work are the contrast between the tones. The light in the art work amplifies particular items in the diner. For instance, the cherry wood countertops and the tops of the stools in the diner are shown as the contrast of the light. The colors of the objects are also made to shine through the art work. The outer part of the diner is only noticed through the green tile that is lighter around it. The element of light is used to contrast the change in the objects. The diner also partially blends in with the background of the art work. This effect is also accomplished through the lighting used by Edward Hopper. The color element used in the art work is expressive. The color contrast in the objects are what make the lighted objects stand out in the way that you can see and focus on what the figures are doing. You have a server, a gentleman and a lady at the end of the bar and the figure that is sitting alone is not lighted so you tend to keep focused on your lighted figures. The viewer of the art work loses sight of the background and notices the lighted part of the art work, this is what Edward Hopper wanted to accomplish. Reference Sayre, H. M. (2010). A World of Art (6th ed. ). New York, NY: Prentice Hall.

Collapse of the USSR essays

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Organisational Strategic analysis on British airways

Organisational Strategic analysis on British airways The issue of organisational changes is a corner stone of organisational functioning, development, competitiveness and, yet, effectiveness. Over the past decades, the way in which people are managed, promoted and stimulated at workplaces has become a primary key to assess and improve organisational efficiency and marketability and became a part of a general organisational strategy. The purpose of this report is to conduct a Organisational Strategic analysis one of the largest airline company British Airways. The objective of the report is to evaluate the competitive and changing market condition of the airlines companies how these companies specially BAs organisational changes occurred in last five years In terms of globalisation and rapidly changing business environment, as well as growing competitiveness on the market, modern companies increasingly need to rely rather more on their skilled and motivated personnel than on pure technologies and products the report will show us how BA addressed following issues: Main objectives in making the change in last five years. Key factors Influence of BAs organisational changes How managed change toward resistance of changes In the Chapter D, the aim of the Chief Executive Willie Walsh for BA to be simpler and improving employees behaviour and performance has discussed the 7S framework are also used. The aim of the report is to outline the areas in which the current strategy could be improved and further related changes. Conclusion and recommendations are also drawn. Table of Contents Page No 1.0 Overview of the Company 1.1 British Airways Organisational Changes in last Five years 1.2 Objective in making change Part 2 2.0Factors influencing British Airways change strategy__ 2.1 Internal influences Part 3 3.0 Organizational Change 3.1 Organizational Resistance how its managed 3.2 Types of Organizational change process 5.0 Recommendations and Conclusions Part 4 4.1 Timetable for implementations Table of Figures Page No Figure 1: Model of Change- Sequence of Events Figure 2: Forces Causing and Resisting Change within an Organization Figure 3: Statistics of Favourite airline Figure 4: Europe Share Market Movement Figure 5: Timetable for full implementation Figure 6: 7S framework Figure 7 : Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Figure 8: Factor affecting employees attitude 5.1 Recommendations for achieving Mr Willie Walshs goal for BA, Part 1 1.0 Overview of the Company British Airways happens to be one of the biggest airline operators that is U.K. based and among the different operators of Europe it is holding the position of the 3rd position after the Air France, Lufthansa and KLM. The major canters of the airline are at London Gatwick, and London Heathrow in which their range of the services being provided by them from the long routes to the short routes of the domestic European flights. Manchester happens to be one of the Britain Airports from where it is operating for the long distance flights. There are about Five hundred and fifty destinations to which the airways is providing flights at convenient timings. Thus the British Airways is a group which comprises of the other subsidiary firms like the British Airways Plc and others like the BA Connect Ltd. and British Airways holidays Limited. As British Airways is considered to be a leader in the industry mainly because of the kind of the technology that is being utilized by the company in providing various services like the online booking system and the ticketing method of self services(www.britishairways.com) 1.1 British Airways Organisational Changes in last Five years British Airways Plc: the skys the limit. British Airways Plc, BA, is the leading airline in the United Kingdom, and naturally one of the biggest in the world. In May 2005, Willie Walsh, newly taken over from Rod Eddington as chief executive, continued this active management of company culture and said of his staff: I want them to feel inspired, I want them to feel optimistic, I want them to feel that this is a good place to be (Dangerous Company, BBC2 April 2006). Willie Walshs vision of change was so ambitious (doing better and better, never enough for him), Walsh justified himself in saying that he had a long-term vision and staff a day-to-day one. Although before Walshs tenure as chief executive, BA was a very well-run and profitable company and it was considered as the worlds favourite airline. But as visionary leader he was made number of changes, such as he reduces top heavy executive team from 25 to 14. Thus, he presented five objectives to achieve: To sustain BA as the worlds favourite airline. Improve customer service Diversify through merger and acquisitions Improve management and to be best managed company in the UK Cost cutting 1.2 Objective in making change The overall objective of Walshs approached to reduce the expenditures with in the organization as well as exterior. Walshs claimed BA needed a second revolution. At the beginning Willie Walshs vision of change and strategies were correct but its implementation to achieve his objectives were not well-liked by employees or people around him this resulted in employees de-motivation and de-moralization. As a result there was a planning to strike by the employees which was temporarily held by the court decision but there are planning to have a strike. This paper discovers the phenomena of radical organizational change in last five years, its implications and consequences over the companys on the whole performance and the controversy of leadership and its issues? In this paper author discuss how leadership effect on organizations performance in the context of organizational change? And how well Willie Walsh did his change management strategies. Was he successful or failure. This paper reviews these questions by analysing the case study of British Airways, and also discusses the role of effective communication and the motivation of staff in BA and how these aspects are interrelated with each other. Part 2 2.0Factors influencing British Airways change strategy__ Monitor global competition, customers, competitors and other factors Need for change Initiate Change Implement Change Evaluate problems opportunities, define needed changes in technology, products, structure culture Facilitate search, creativity, idea champions, venture teams, skunkworks idea incubators Use force-field analysis, tactics for overcoming resistance Environmental Forces Internal Forces Consider plans, goals, company problems needs Figure 1: Model of Change- Sequence of Events (Source: Richard, 2001) Corporate Innovation is something that is very hard to change and employees need time to get used to the new way of organizing. Many people are not willing to change unless they perceive a problem or a crisis. For companies with a very strong and specific culture it will be even harder to change. Mr. W. Walsh, Chief Executive of British Airways decision to implement change at BA was influenced by a number of various factors. These were mainly based on the effects of the external environment on British Airways. BAs technology was not in keeping with the technology of their competitors and so this was reflected in its products. To combat this threat, W.Walsh.,(2009) tried implementing new procedures and changing the culture of the organization. He decided to change the organization from a technology driven company to a more service oriented one, lacking the technological strength of its competitors, BA proposed to offer a superior level of service instead. The external environment threat of technology was the main reason behind BAs change. Change within the Organisation Forces Resisting Change Forces for Change Global Pressures Competition The Market External Environment Aspirations of the Workforce Technology Costs Inertia Lack of Trust Complacency Conservatism Fear of Failure Fear of the Unknown Power Blocks Figure 2: Forces Causing and Resisting Change within an Organization (Source: Jewell, 1990) In order to survive and prosper in a competitive and rapidly changing environment, organizations also need to change. This may be brought about by many influencing factors which may be internally within the organization or in external environment of the organization. External forces originate in all environmental sectors, including customers, competitors, technology, economic forces and the international arena. External influences: Political factors including legislation or other government measures. Organizations are forced to change in order to meet, for example, health and safety, environmental or consumer protection requirements. The EUs laws could prevent to diversify into the no-frills market.This will make less competitions for BA from no-frills airlines. Noise pollutions stricter laws from EU could affect all the airlines. United Kingdom have decided not to introduce the Euro would reduce number of tourists to come into the kingdom. Slots reductions at the airport could enable BA to take over other routes which are served by the other airlines. Reduction in the protection of slots, particularly those at the primary airports could enable British Airways to take routes served by other airlines. Government is always tried to protect BA as a national flag carriers. Costs have been increased due to increase fuel price. Economic factors such as changes in levels of unemployment and interest rates which can have a major impact on demand. Increase the airport taxes could increase costs of the BA. New members of EU could increase or introduced new flights to the UK which could prevent to hold up the profits. Current economic downturn and swine flu could prevent people to fly. BA and Spains Liberia airlines merged decision to increase  £400 millions of synergy (http://www.breakingtravelnews.com/news/article/ba-and-iberia-agree-merger-deal) Social factors including changes in life styles and environmental issues which organizations must respond to if they are not to lose out to competitors. Threats from terrorists attacks could reduce people to fly such as September 2001 and most recently failed suicide bomb attack at American Airlines . Technological progress such as word processing in the office or robots in the factory can change working materials, methods and practices and create the need for new skills. Trade unions can influence wage rates, working conditions and other aspects of industrial relations. Competition and changes in consumer tastes and demand all impact on business organizations, making change necessary in order to respond. Media reports which can influence consumers and employees perceptions of an organization and its goods and services. Internal forces for change arise from internal activities and decisions. If top managers select a goal of rapid company growth, internal actions will have to be made to meet that growth ( Smillie Hailey., 2001). New departments or technologies will be created. Demands by employees, labour unions and production inefficiencies all can generate a force to which management must respond with change. 2.1 Internal influences: New products or services which require change in order to introduce them. Management changes, due perhaps to a merger, take over or the appointment of new staff. This may affect the management style and culture of the organization. Quality assurance systems which are becoming increasingly important in organizations in order to meet changing customer expectations. Productivity and profitability improvements which often require change in systems or procedures in order to control or reduce costs and/or increase output. Customer service is now more crucial than ever for organizations in competitive markets because they can only survive and prosper if they satisfy customers. After analyzing the external environment, it can be summarized that no-frills zone may pose a big threats in the future. Another Problem that most recent painful terrorists attack had cancelled number of flights of BA. After the need for change has been perceived and communicated, change must be initiated. This is a crucial stage of change management- the stage where ideas that solve perceived needs are developed. Responses that an organization can make are to search for or create a change to adopt. The modern complex business world is being rapid changes. There are number of factors such as globalization amongst companies, changes in market trends as well as companies who are more globally demanding and mature, necessary to reduce costs and the introduction of new technology has lead to companies to face large amount of competition than they had in the past. It is therefore important for organizations to stay ahead of their competitors and recent research has indicted that the creativity and innovation of an organization can give them that competitive edge they require. By being creative and offering consumers a more innovative service or product, the company or organization will be able to differentiate themselves from others who offer similar services. Cook (1998) found that creative organizations harness the ability to think and act in different ways that make sense to their current and future customers. BAs CEO presented his views and identified on the key drivers and directions for the airlines industry and the strategies BA will follow in the transition into the next millennium. He also reiterated BAs commitment to achieve long term growth in earnings and shareholder value in the top quartile of the major airline by focusing on people, performance and growth. Part 3 3.0 Organizational Change Organization changes its overall strategy for success, adds or removes a major section or practice, and/or wants to change the very nature by which it operates. Willie Walshs vision was the same. When together all employees or the group of people work to achieve the organizational goal, the organizations are become operational and successful. Therefore, organizational change is possible only when employees of the organization understand the need for change, buy-in the idea of change, are motivated towards the change, and express their interest (McGuire D. Hutchings K., 2006; Beer M. et al, 1990). Keeping in view the importance of employees, management thinking for change should consider the effect of the change on employees as well as their resistance and reaction on it. They should be taken into account and should be motivated and explained reasons of change by the management while taking any decision. Other researchers (e.g. Tichy, 1983) acknowledge the frustration that managers feel when their organizations do not respond to elaborately analyzed plans, where there is a lack of interaction between decision and action. In the case of BA, Willie Walsh did not plan to follow up change because he did not think fundamental changes as process but wanted to change entire organizational culture immediately. As Whittington and Mayer (2002) also vindicate this need, adaptive reorganization, the ability to redesign structures frequently, is now critical to organizational performance. However, an effective change can only be achieved if change managers encourage employees participation as much as possible, address their concerns and repercussions and ensure them that leaders involvement would be role models for a change (Heracleous, 2002). Enthusiastic Willie Walsh eager for bringing changes in BA forgot to get his employees involved in the change management process. Nevertheless, employees or group of people working together for organizational goal made the organizations as successful. 3.1 Organizational Resistance how its managed There are number of factors are playing for resistance to changes such as fear of the unknown, the possibility of economic insecurity, habit, threats to social relationships and failure to recognise the need for change (Nadler, 1988). Another issue of importance in change which is difference between how organisation looks at present and look after the change. According to Cameron et al (1993), readiness for organisational change depend on how the degree to which a change (TQM) and existing culture differs from that culture, an organisation may be more or less ready for such a change. Tichy and Devanna (1986) discuss creating a need for change; in effect, opening up the organizational culture to be receptive to the change. They note that this is especially difficult when there is no apparent crisis, but rather the long-range vision of a leader who anticipates the time it takes to implement organizational change. Resistance to change is especially relevant if the vision of a leader differs from the values and beliefs of the existing organizational culture. If that is the case, then cultural issues must be addressed (Schein, 1991; Trice and Beyer, 1991). In the case of BA, Walshs vision was very good because organizations continuously need improvements and changes to maintain its competitive advantages. Willie Walsh started the change process and neither involved management nor his staff and stressed too much on cost cutting activities then these radical changes turned employees repercussion and resistance to change into aggression and they went on strike. Because e mployees thought that these changes were not needed and they were not convinced, also, they were worried about their future. In this part of the paper author will now discuss the controversy of leadership and its effect on organizations performance in the context of organizational change. 3.2 Types of Organizational change process Change management is a process to bring modification and transformation into an organization to sustain and improve its efficiency (John Hayes, 2002).There are different overall types of organizational change process, including planned versus unplanned, organization-wide versus change primarily to one part of the organization, incremental (slow, gradual change) versus transformational (radical, fundamental), etc. Organizational change is a step by step and a learning process which involve everyone in the organization. There are number of researches has conducted and researcher stated that the change in the organisation should have organisational culture capacity (Garratt, 1987, 1990; Bahlmann, 1990; Senge, 1990; Senge et al. 1994, 1999; Pedler et al., 1991; Burgoyne et al., 1994; Swieringa and Wiersma, 1992; Watkins and Marsick, 1993; Redding and Catalanello, 1994). This approach differs clearly from the literature trend which puts an emphasis on knowledge management and which associates organizational learning capacity with the ability to create, acquire, transmit, retain, or use organizational knowledge. This trend is led by authors such as Amponsem (1991); Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995); Nonaka and Nishiguchi (2000); Nonaka and Teece (2001); Nonaka et al. (2003); Baets (1998); Von Krogh and Roos (1996); Von Krogh et al. (1998); Despres and Chauvel (2000); Chauvel et al. (2003). It is clear from the above literature that Willie Walsh should have involved all the members of management and staff while making change in British Airways. They should have been convinced about the need of change for the improvements and encouraged to support this process. Despite of considering all that, he brought radical changes in organization without making his management and employees involved, like cost cutting activities, outsourcing of different departments and sale of operations etc. Buono and Bowditch (1993) notified that uncertainty during change processes is typically about the aim, process and expected outcomes of the change and implications for the individual employees (Buono and Bowditch, 1993). Part 4 The change in the BA has partly successful, as Walsh five objectives are partly achieved. Below has explained which changes are successfully meeting its objectives or not: 1) Sustain BA as the worlds favourite airline: According to Consumer Travel Alliance survey shows that Southwest Airlines was no 1 favourite in the world because of price and customer service. Below graph shows its result: Figure 3 : Statistics of Favourite airline (Source: http://consumertraveler.com/wp-content/uploads/FavoriteAirline1.gif) 2) Improve customer service A survey conducted by the BA shows that satisfaction rating across the network rose by 72 percent. The survey conducted among 21millions customers(.http://www.britishairways.com/cms/global/microsites/ba_rep) 3) Diversify through merger and acquisitions Most recent M A with Iberia agreement of  £3.9bn brought share price up and according to Willie Walsh both brand would be retained(http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://static.guim.co.uk). Below graph shows of share market movements, it has shows that BA has gaining Europe share market in significant wa, Figure 4 : Europe Share Market Movement (Source: http://www.centreforaviation.com/news/share-market/2009/11/13/british-airways-and-iberia-establish-mou-for-merger) Improve management and to be best managed company in the UK British Airways has failed to reach an agreement with union for stop strike but at the end strike called off because of court order. He have not succeeded with his instant reform but he is able to overcome competition from low costs budget airlines(http://www.businessandfinance.ie/index.jsp?p=222n=22) Cost cutting British Airways have struggling to cost cut because of resistance of employees, as they have made controversy by asking staff to take unpaid leave, reduce hours or work for nothing (http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/jul/06/british-airways-jobs-pay-unions). Thus they have facing strong resistance from the Union which discussed earlier in the part of this study. 4.1 Timetable for implementations Moreover, the parallel running and big bang strategies and pilot studies would be the best approach for the BAs changes for strategies. Such as However, it is very important to combination new technology and old technology until new systems is working properly in effective and reliable way, i.e. parallel running. The big bang strategy can be approached with the motivational courses and management training. The absenteeism could assist to loosing money by the company, as a result the change is evident in speed way. Big band theory could generate resistance to change, as well as a risk of failure, but in order to implement changes can be improve employees work environment, i.e. carefully planning will ensure successes and great resistance can be avoided. Below graph shows the timetable for full implementation, Figure 5: Timetable for full implementation 4.0 Recommendations and Conclusions A 7S framework model was developed as a model of not just structure, but model of organisational change by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman (1980). This frame work can also be used as an organisational analysis tool and it also depicts that organisational effectiveness from interaction of various factors. The 7S framework show below, Figure 6: 7S frmaework Skills Style Strategy Systems Shared Values Staff Structure (Source :http://www.themanager.org/models/7S%20Model.htm) the BP Group. Post acquisition, 240 BP employees will continue working for and in support of the ground fuels business to be transferred to Hellenic Petroleum. The remaining personnel will continue to support BPs other activities in Greece. The agreement also provides for a transitional period regarding the management of the network and branding. The deal is subject to regulatory approvals, Greek competition authorities and other relevant approvals. The deal is expected to complete towards the end of 2009. N M Rothschild Sons Limited acted as financial advisor to Hellenic Petroleum SA. Pratap Amin, Sebastian Lawson , Jocelyn Mitchell, Avril Martindale, John Fordham, David Taylor, Daniel Lawrence, Eli Hilllman, Vanessa Jakovich, Ned Staple, Van der Staal, Olivia Wyld, Patrick Taylor, Susan Doris, Michael Mà ¼ntefering, Chun Wing Yeung, Dylan Cunard, Todd Kramers of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP acted as legal advisors fo r BP plc. The above diagram has no starting point or hierarchy and it shows that by seven elements which are considering organization form these 7 viewpoints it would be possible to establish major strength and weakness. 7S framework shows the 7most important things that should be kept in mind by the management for achieving organisational goals. The BAs management framework clearly sets out principle on how to delegate authority and responsibility. As the responsibility of running the company is efficiently is given to CEO, therefore CEO should take of all 7S mentioned in the framework. BAs group Chief Executive Willie Walsh is aiming to make BA a simpler and more efficient by enhance of employees behaviour with embedding a high performance culture by 2012. He had suggested that simplification is the key to success. According to Walsh (2008), BA had incredible assets and a great workforce. The only need was to bring these assets and people together to form a more productive, efficient and powerful organisation. The core problem that was cited was the Bureaucratic management structure which was formed because of the number of mergers and acquisitions in the organization. According to Walsh (2008), the people who knew most about the company were the people who were running operations at the bottom level. He also noticed that the management had become too introspective at the level and was not listening to the employees about safety and reliability. Furthemore, According to De-Witt Meyer (2004), business strategy is concerned with how firms should go about creating a sustainable competitive advantage in each business they operate. Therefore, In order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage, goals and make company the best in the industry, the owners (CEO, Top level management) of the company should take care of the people working in the company, as their efficiency in performance would help company to achieve its goals. So, therefore a good integrated communication and co-ordination network would be required to sustain its image in the industry. Figure 7 : Herzbergs Two Factor Theory (Source: http://tutor2u.net/business/people/motivation_theory_herzberg.asp) Herzbergs Two Factor Theory was developed as a model of understand of employees motivation and attitudes. This theory was developed by Fredrick Herzberg in 1959. Herzberg suggested both the factors are very important to understanding employee motivation and satisfaction. Following some of the factors which are causing satisfaction and dissatisfactions of the employees: Factor affecting employees attitude Figure 8 Hygiene Factor Dissatisfactions Motivator Factor Satisfactions Company policy and Administrations Achievement Supervision Recognition Working condition Responsibility Salary and other financial factors Opportunity for advancement Job Security Personal Growth Relationship Challenging The above list of factors shows that management of BP not only avoid Hygiene factor also provides Motivator factor to the employees in order to Tonys aims to make a simpler and more efficient by enhance employees performance and behaviour. 5.1 Recommendations for achieving Mr Willie Walshs goal for BA, Considerable steps should be taken up so as to make employees sure that they are working in a safe and healthy environment. This would help Walsh to retain the employees and also to generate a sense of belongingness among them. Another major factor is that there should be a new operating management system which should be designed so that it would help to bring more consistency in the operations of the company. This can be done by implementing cross group programmes. It can be done minimum once a year to call all the employees at one place (city by city) People are one of the main assets of a company to perform efficiently and effectively. Walsh would require focusing on improving behaviours of employees by motivating them to work in a more efficient and coordinated way. This can be done by rewarding them, giving them more fringe benefits and providing them safety and security at the workplace. There is also need to build a high performance culture in organization. With coordinating among different operations and departments, a high performance culture and highly motivated employees, Tony can achieve him aim. For effective change management process, good communication between management and staff is imperative. In order to keep competitive advantages and to minimize fundamental effects of political and economical disturbance, the continuous change is required but this should be taken place with the involvement of each and every member of staff. In the process of decision making, if employees are taken into confidence and are convinced about the required change while taking them on board in decision making process, they would as a part of change management process adhere and admire the change. On the other hand, if they are left disconnected and arent motivated about this change process, subsequently their spirit and enthusiasm will go down. Certainly they will have apprehensions and impact about this change process. Senses of insecurity and uncertainty of job within the organization created due to lack of communication which spread out rumours. Thus little-convinced employee will give low output and will not remain loyal to the company. Having gone through the case study and examining it with different supportive theories, it is apparent that even though the British Airways was a well-run company, Walsh decided to bring changes to compete in competent industry but he did not use properly communication techniques and therefore his employees were not communicated his ideas fully.

Fad Diets: The Effectiveness and Health Implications Essay -- America

Fad Diets: The Effectiveness and Health Implications As humans we are the only creatures who create food into more than just a nutritional need for survival. The American culture and society has a preoccupation with food, which poses a set of challenges for both the physical and mental body to maintain health (Abrams & Wells, 2005). This preoccupation of food causes many medical risks such as obesity, binge eating, food addiction, and eating disorders (Cogan & Ernsberger, 1999). Ward-Smith (2010) defines obesity as a body mass index (BMI) at 30 or above, calculated using height and weight measurements. Abrams and Wells (2005) state that obesity has grown from a moderate concern for few individuals to an epidemic health crisis effecting millions. More than 35% of all adults in the U.S are considered obese (Ward-Smith, 2010; Roehrig, Thompson, & Cafri, 2008). Ward-Smith (2010) stresses that over-weight and obese individuals cost the United States economy an estimated $117 billion. In addition to the costly effects, are comorbid with many negative health risks, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, sleep apnea, and more (Ward-Smith, 2010; Roehrig, Thompson, & Cafri, 2008). The effects of obese and overweight individuals impact both the person experiencing the weight through mental and physical risk, as well as the society in which they live in through cost factors. According to Abrams and colleagues (2005), America does not only have a preoccupation with food but an obsession with excessive weight-loss. Media has created a popular desired image of thinness and skinny. As stated by Abrams and Wells (2005), media portrays images of anorexic individuals as beautiful, sexy, and desired within our world. Severe risks and repercuss... ...Obesity - Part III: A Rapid Review of Some of the More Popular Low-Carbohydrate Diets. Urologic Nursing, 24(5), 442-445. O'Dea, J. A., & Abraham, S. (2001). Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Behaviors Related to Weight Control, Eating Disorders, and Body Image in Australian Trainee Home Economics and Physical Education Teachers. Journal Of Nutrition Education, 33(6), 332. Roehrig, M., Thompson, J., & Cafri, G. (2008). Effects of dieting-related messages on psychological and weight control variables. International Journal Of Eating Disorders, 41(2), 164-173. doi:10.1002/eat.2047010.1002/eat.20470 Saltzman, E., Thomason, P., & Roberts, S. B. (2001). Fad Diets: A Review for the Primary Care Provider. Nutrition In Clinical Care, 4(5), 235-242. doi:10.1046/j.1523-5408.2001.00003. Ward-Smith, P. (2010). Obesity -- America's Health Crisis. Urologic Nursing, 30(4), 242-245